![]() A company may be required to hold a certain amount of highly liquid assets as part of a debt covenant. Whether a company is holding cash or cash equivalents, these products may protect a company during inclement periods of business or stretches of broad market uncertainty. On the same note, cash equivalents are the closest instruments to cash. Instead, holding cash and cash equivalents is often a safe place for companies to park funds they'll need in the future. Risk-averse companies or businesses that may be looking to scale in a year or two may not be willing to invest their funds in riskier products. Companies may have a long-term plan for growth or development, and that plan may require a substantial amount of capital. Instead of needing to liquidate long-term assets, payment is made with the most liquid assets. Companies must use cash and cash equivalents to pay invoices and current portions of long-term debts as they come due. ![]() This may be considered a cash equivalent if they are purchased shortly before the redemption date and not expected to experience material fluctuation in value. CDs may be considered cash equivalent depending on the maturity date. This interest-bearing account is similar to a savings account however, they often require larger minimum deposits and have some minor restrictions to the account. The interest rate on commercial paper will vary based on the creditworthiness of the issuing corporation. Commercial paper has a maturity of up to nine months (270 days). These are short-term bonds or debt issued by corporations. This instrument is a specified amount to be paid to the holder on a specific date. This is an agreement where the bank has agreed to guarantee a future agreement between two parties. The creditworthiness of the government agency must be considered when evaluating the risk of the bond. These debt instruments may be issued by any government entity (city, state, or Federal). These debt instruments are issued by the United States government and often have a maturity date of one year or less. Many of the examples below can also be referred to as marketable security, and companies often lump these investments together on their balance sheet. ![]() This broad term covers any investment security that can quickly be converted to cash in a short amount of time. ![]()
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